International Marketing Plan Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Global Marketing Plan Report - Essay Example Iraq is a Muslim nation found halfway in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf district. Iraq is based on the leftovers of the antiquated Babylonian Empire. It has experienced different chronicled periods like being a piece of the Greek Empire under Alexander the Great and the Roman Empire. The region in present-day Iraq turned out to be a piece of the Ottoman Empire and this went to the British after World War I. Iraq turned out to be increasingly self-sufficient after World War II lastly got under the control of Saddam Hussein after an overthrow detat in 1979. Under Saddam Hussein and his Baath party, Iraq turned into a partner toward the West and it battled a war against Iran somewhere in the range of 1980 and 1988. In 1991, after Iraq attacked Kuwait, the United States and other alliance powers entered Iraq and freed Kuwait. In 2003, the US President, George W. Shrub attacked Iraq and this prompted a time of vote based system, changes and rebuilding that exists today in the nation. Iraq is circumscribed by Turkey, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Its principle land region is commanded by sandy deserts (Fontan, 2009). Iraq has two fundamental streams, one of them being the Euphrates which has ripe alluvial fields that have prompted the production of significant urban communities all through the nation (Baskhin, 2011). The more distant family is the premise of the Iraqi social framework. It includes the gathering of various ages of a similar family that is joined through marriage (Every Culture, 2012). The family unit is characterized by the more distant family and there is a high level of cooperation (Bashkin, 2011). Marriage in Iraq is viewed as the joining of two families and this prompts solid associations with one another. Generally, the job of people are characterized and fixed (Fontan, 2009). Be that as it may, after the Iran-Iraq war where numerous men were enrolled to battle in the war zone, the country incorporated a liberal way to deal with ladies and their privileges. Training is characterized by the new

learning and motivation Essay Example

learning and inspiration Essay Example learning and inspiration Essay learning and inspiration Essay Presentation: In request to concentrate how individuals get familiar with another arrangement of practices, we will apply three learning hypotheses which adapted however this course: traditional molding, operant molding and social intellectual hypothesis . ln this paper, just a single model would be applied by the hypotheses. The picked model is a business of LNYX body wash which will be additionally depicted in the following passage. In the first place, we will quickly portray the cases. At that point, the use of the hypothesis will be introduced part by part from traditional molding, operant molding to social intellectual hypothesis . n every workmanship, we will quickly present the significant idea of the hypotheses utilized , followed by the examinations on the viability of the business. Business Content: youtube. com/watch? v=YuvIsaOYr18 coming up next is the portrayal of the business content. The business indicated that there are two men who were utilizing two various types of body wash item. They went clubbing together in the wake of utilizing the two diverse body wash items. The man who utilized LYNX body wash is engage and attractive with the goal that he got numerous attractions from young ladies however another man who utilized other brand of body wash didn't. Old style Conditioning: As per the learning behaviorism draws near, there are two types of cooperative learning: Classical molding and operant molding. I would quickly present what is traditional molding and apply old style molding in the picked ad. To wrap things up, it will be an examination on the viability of this ad with certain related ideas. Traditional molding is learning through affiliation/matching This is a fundamental type of learning wherein one upgrade predicts the event of another. It additionally includes making another association, or relationship, between occasions in nature. Alluding to the business appeared, before molding, enchanting and attractive man was the unconditioned improvement and normally inspires to the reflex of the unconditioned reaction which was got fascination from young ladies. During molding, there was the matching up between an unconditioned upgrade and a nonpartisan boost. Allude to the business, beguiling and attractive man was the unconditioned improvement and the LYNX body wash was the unbiased upgrade which has no inborn importance to the life form before molding. In the wake of molding, man would get fascination structure young ladies in the wake of utilizing the LYNX body wash item. So LYNX body wash become adapted improvement and inspire young ladies fascination which is the molded For the plugs viability, it relies upon people groups perception of this business. As indicated by the related idea of old style molding, boost speculation is programmed augmentation of adapted reacting to comparative improvements. In this way, One who are confounded about LYNX body wash with other comparative item can't distinguish the distinction and reaction similarly with the comparable items. That is, they accepted that utilizing different brands body wash can likewise get fascination structure young ladies. At that point, the plugs viability would be decreased. Under another circumstance, boost separation, the living being doesn't react indistinguishable approach to two comparative improvements from it has figured out how to recognize them. One can recognize results of various brands and separate that solitary the utilization of LYNX can draw in young ladies. In this way, the adequacy of the business increment as individuals are happy to purchase LYNX body wash so as to get fascination from young ladies . Along these lines, the business viability relies upon people groups cognizance on this commercial. Operant Conditioning: As per operant molding, learning in which the likelihood of a reaction is changed by an adjustment in its results. (Skinner, 1983)Following the law of impact, if the outcome is sure, or fulfilling to the life form, in future with a similar improvement introduced once more, a similar reaction will be bound to happen, the other way around. Hence, Skinner said that we become familiar with a relationship between a reaction to an improvement and its outcomes with the test he did. In this business, the improvement is the utilization of LYNX body wash; the result is gotten appealing among young ladies. As we ll know, the results appealing here, is certain and lovely, so individuals will be bound to utilize LYNX body wash. The video shows the two sorts of results: support and discipline. In the video, the man who use LYNX body wash and go clubbing turns out to be all the more enchanting and pulls in young ladies considerations. Being charm is an uplifting feedback. Since Behavior is trailed by the conveyance of an appetitive improvement, and it is Increases the likelihood of that conduct (Skinner, 1969), the conveyance of engaging quality in the wake of utilizing LYNX body wash strengthens him to expand the conduct of utilizing LYNX body wash. Another man in the business, who wears in pink, is utilizing other normal brands body wash and going clubbing, he gets ladylike and unwanted among young ladies. Evacuation of engaging quality is the negative discipline since conduct is trailed by the expulsion of an appetitive upgrade, and it is diminishing the likelihood of that conduct (Skinner, 1969). In this way, individuals won't decide to utilize different brands body wash in order to keep away from the unwanted outcome of evacuating engaging quality. So as to have an inside and out investigation on the adequacy of the business based one perant molding, we will look at the satisfaction of some significant conditions quickly and reinforcer must follow the reaction. In the business fame among young ladies (reinforcer) Just followed the reaction of utilizing LYNX body wash right away. That implies Reinforcers that go before a reaction once in a while affect the reaction. Additionally, there is no deferral in the introduction of prevalence among young ladies after the men utilizing LYNX body wash which safeguard the viability of business. In the event that the introduction of ubiquity among young ladies postponed, the business would turn out to be less successful as the reinforcers introduction is elayed and the saw result become less fulfilling. To wrap things up, there are two men utilizing in various brand of body wash however the prominence among young ladies was possibly introduced when the ideal reaction (use LYNX body wash) happened. This satisfies the fortification possibility which expressed that the reinforcer ought to be introduced just when the ideal reaction has happened. Since there is a solid satisfaction of those conditions for operant molding, the business is viewed as powerful. Social Cognitive Theory: The social intellectual hypothesis power on what and how individuals gain from each other. There is a proportional causation in social intellectual hypothesis expressed that the connection of three factors: condition, individual and conduct, influence one another. So as to have a more clear knowledge on how social subjective hypothesis is applied in this business, we start our application from the initial step, that is, forms in perception learning. The procedures of perception learning included Attention to suitable models, Retention, Motor Reproduction and Motivation. That implies the student need to focus on character in the business and recollect what the character did. Next, he needs to rehearse Models conduct by utilizing LYNX body wash. In the event that he accept that he will be enchanting in the wake of utilizing LYNX body wash, he will be rouse to continue mimicking the Models conduct. Observational learning happens when a life forms reactions are impacted by the perception of a models conduct. In contrast to other learning hypotheses, observational learning can be vicarious. In another words, life form just watches another play out a conduct, takes note of the outcomes, and adjusts its own conduct in a future, comparative circumstance. In such, student sees that the models conduct of utilizing LYNX body wash so as the vicarious support the model got in the business. The student would then be strengthened by the vicarious fortification of Charming and attractive, he would be bound to emulate the models conduct for getting a similar sort of support later on. That implies, he is going to utilize LYNX body wash in order to get enchanting, attractive and appealing to young ladies. oth self-viability and anticipations would influence ones probability in mimicking the conduct. At the point when one accepts they are equipped for executing the practices effectively, he is with high self-viability. In this manner, one who got high self-viability believe that it is anything but difficult to get and utilize LYNX body wash in the wake of observing such demonstrating. He is bound to impersonate the model and utilizing the item referenced in the business. Anticipations, is about the results of a conduct are what render the conduct pretty much prone to happen. At the point when one hope to get an ideal result of being Charm and attractive in the wake of utilizing LYNX, he is bound to do as such. So as to consider whether the business is successful, we analyze the satisfaction of qualities of viable models. We found that the model is skillful in light of the fact that workers are proficient in getting get LYNX body wash. The model acts in cliché sex fitting ways as young men by and large need to be appealing among young ladies. to our conviction, the business will be increasingly viable to young men who looking for sweethearts in light of the fact that the models conduct is applicable to the onlookers circumstance. as the business satisfy such qualities of successful models, it is a compelling business structure the examination of social psychological hypothesis. Taking everything into account, we had applied each of the three hypotheses specifically old style molding, operant molding and social intellectual hypothesis in one business. We found that the learning adequacy of the case would rely upon various conditions. For example, in old style molding, individuals would have disarray with various body wash brand in this way

ISHAYA AJET HOSEA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

ISHAYA AJET HOSEA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers ISHAYA AJET HOSEA 130151 Putting resources into Africa's Future Africa University, [A.U] Establishment of harmony, Leadership and administration, [I.P.L.G] Ace's in Public Policy and Governance (MPPG) Mutare, Zimbabwe Strategy Impact on the Environment ( PEP513 ) Instructor: Mrs. Bere Question: Utilizing a contextual analysis examine inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality clarifying their constraints as options wellsprings of vitality on the African mainland: Case: Renewable Energy in Nigeria Sign.. Due Date: 30 March 2018 Unique Every single human action be dependent upon some type of vitality. Vitality can't be made or annihilate ed , however can just modify from one structure to a more up to date . It is a significant substance for financial improvement of any general public or nation. Vitality is major to human exercises. Notwithstanding the significance of vitality to financial turn of events, Nigeria has not had the option to create the base required measure of vitality it needs f or her populace of more than 180 Million Sustainable power source is gotten from a source that can be recovered inside a sensibly brief timeframe through common sources. These sources incorporate Solar, Wind , Hydro, Biomass, Geothermal . Nigeria has set for herself the objective of being inside the 20 biggest economies on the planet by 2020, with the difficulties of administration issue , rising populace, joblessness just as low access to vitality and the difficulties of environmental change. Improvement and food of sustainable power source have been recognized to be the most reasonable . Vitality from these inexhaustible sources can be changed to enhance the last vitality from traditional vitality expected to develop the e conomy in a maintainable way. Watchwords: Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass, Geothermal Presentation Sustainable power source is commonly characterized as vitality that originates from assets which are normally renewed on a human time scale, for example, Sunlight, Wind, Rain, Tides, Waves and Geothermal warmth (Donald, 2016) . Sustainable power source replaces customary energizes in four particular regions; power age, boiling water, engine fills and rustic vitality administrations. As per (Armstrong, 2016) r apid sending of sustainable power source and vitality productivity is bringing about huge vitality security, environmental change relief and financial advantages. In universal general conclusion studies, there is solid help for advancing inexhaustible sources, for example, Solar force and Wind power. At national level, in any event 30 countries around world as of now have sustainable power source contributing in excess of 20 percent of vitality flexibly (Amory, 2016) . National sustainable power source markets are anticipated to keep on developing emphatically in the coming decade and past. While numerous sustainable power source ventures are huge scope , inexhaustible advancements are likewise fit to provincial and remote zones and creating nations, where vitality is frequently vital in human turn of events. Joined Nation's secretary general Ban Ki-moon has rehashed that sustainable power source can lift the least fortunate countries higher than ever of thriving (Leone, 2011) . Sustainable power source, GREEN POWER AND CONVENTIONAL POWER-SEE THE DIFFERENCE Sustainable power source Sustainable power source incorporates assets that depend on fuel sources that reestablish themselves over brief timeframes and don't lessen. Such fuel sources incorporate sun, wind, moving water, natural plant and waste material (qualified biomass) and the world's warmth (geothermal). Despite the fact that, the effects are little, some sustainable power source advances affect the earth al exchange offs related with issues, for example, fisheries and land use. Green Power Green force is a subset of sustainable power source and speaks to those sustainable power source assets and innovations that give the most elevated ecological advantages. Green force is characterized as power delivered from sunlight based, wind, geothermal, biogas, qualified biomass and low-sway little hydroelectric sources. Individuals frequently become tied up with green force for stayed away from ecological effects/contamination and its ozone harming substance decrease benefits. Green force sources produce power with a natural profile better than ordinary force advancements and produce no petroleum product based ozone depleting substance discharge. Natural force appraisal (EPA) necessitates that green force sources should likewise have been worked inside the most recent 15 years so as to help NEW' sustainable power source advancement. Ordinary Power Ordinary force incorporates the burning of petroleum derivatives (coal, flammable gas and oil) and the atomic parting of uranium. Non-renewable energy sources have natural expenses from mining, boring or extraction and transmit ozone depleting substances and air contamination during burning (Agency International Energy, 2006) . Albeit, atomic force age radiates

Iraq Funding essays

Iraq Funding articles Imagine yourself moving through the boulevards of Baghdad in a reinforced faculty vehicle, when a foe jumps out of the shadows with a rocket launcher. You are dead in his sights, and you unexpectedly recollect that your vehicle needs a great part of the defensive layer it should have, and your impenetrable vest never showed up. At that point, what amount do you care about midterm Congressional races, or the 2008 White House run? What amount do you care about legislative issues by any stretch of the imagination? Shockingly, governmental issues could weight vigorously on the readiness of Americas troops as they fight a tenacious rebellion in Iraq. Congressional pioneers have endeavored to attach a withdrawal date to much-required military assets; one unmistakable Democrat, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada, has even taken steps to push for financing cuts. These strategies are a piece of a procedure to score political focuses over a disagreeable war, in any case it will be Americas troops who endure. Surveys show numerous Americans don't bolster the war in Iraq, and I myself have some genuine apprehensions about the choice to attack Iraq and what precisely America would like to achieve. However, in the same way as other Americans, I likewise comprehend that we can not decide to help our soldiers just when it is mainstream or advantageous. As Americans, we have a commitment to keep up the financing levels that our soldiers need to have the most ideal chance to achieve their crucial get back securely. The U.S. government has been spending an incredible $2 billion per week on the war in Iraq, and the truth of the matter is that American soldiers have not been getting all the hardware, supplies and assets they need (Iraq war, No date). One of the principal issues to develop was an absence of extra parts, and military authorities frequently needed to hold up a normal of 40 days to get parts they expected to fix essential tanks and helicopters (Ricks, 2004). Essentially, many heavily clad vehicles did not have the defensive layer they expected to ensure ... <!

Professional Services for Business Development

Professional Services for Business DevelopmentOnce you have decided to start working as a professional writer, it is time to consider professional speech writing services online. The professionals of a reputed speech writing service can provide you with the best ideas to ensure that your project is a success. The speech writing services are not only crucial to your career but also to your health and well being.After completing the critical phase, your next task is to set your goals and plan the move you would like to make. You need to take up some courses that are related to your chosen career field. In this way, you can start thinking about your tasks and achieve them.Professional services are most ideal when you are planning to start a new business. You may think that you will be able to do all the activities alone but if you are not a good writer, you will never get the desired results. You will surely need the help of professionals who are skilled in writing unique words and phra ses to express your ideas. The professional services will definitely help you earn your money.Online courses are available for everyone who wants to get a degree or certification. You can even choose to specialize on one particular area to get the desired result. The professional services are highly recommended for beginners because it is more simple and uncomplicated to start your business.Another benefit of professional services is that they can also prove to be very beneficial to your health and your physical condition. As we all know that attending lectures and attending classes can be very expensive. So you can consider using the services of the professionals to complete the whole thing. They can also help you with the best choices of programs, courses and college accommodation that you need.In today's era, the websites offering professional services online are considered as the safest of all. You can be rest assured that the provider will not go against your ideas or suggestio ns. You will get the best professional services to set your plans and goals.If you are looking for some best professional services for your business, try looking for one of the available websites offering professional services online. The best thing about the online services is that you can find almost anything related to your business needs. You will not only enjoy an easy working environment but you will also get the best benefit from the service providers.

Information Systems Security Using Access Controls - 275 Words

Information Systems Security Using Access Controls (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateInformation Systems Security Using Access Controls.System's security policy expresses fundamental choices made by the institution for its data security. They define the principle on which access is granted, and what the programs executed on behalf of a user are allowed to do. A security access system can be defined using two parts that cooperate with each other: strategy of security access that describes all the environments and specifications of an entire organization on the security level and access model.While secure communication is usually necessary for security in computer systems, it is seldom sufficient. Computer systems often rely on access control for security. For instance, access control plays a role in enforcing run-time security specifications in such systems. Unfortunately, while secure communication is relatively well understood, several aspects of security in such systems is an important and challenging research problem. The fundamental idea behind access control is that obtaining a secure object should require some privileges that can be checked at run time.Discretionary Access Control is based on information ownership and rights delegation. (Department of Defense, 1985). In DAC model, the creator of the information is also considered the owner and administrator of the information. More specifically, the creator is responsible for granting or revoking access to their information. This also means that the creator can give administrative access to other users so that they may grant or revoke access to the information as well.Compared to other access control model categories, DAC is considered to the most simple (Lopez et al., 2008). Because of its simplicity many security conditions are not taken into account with DAC. For example since users responsible for granting and revoking access, any security requirements are also the responsibility of the users and cannot be easily managed by organizing authorit ies (Lopez et al., 2008). Another condition unaccounted for is the possibility of cascading revocation chains, where one user removes access from someone immediately after the access, has been granted by different user. Most fundamentally, is the lack of control over the flow of information in DAC. Access can be granted whenever and to whomever at the discretion of the user.According to a recent report published by the New York Times, hackers recently stole almost $1 Billion from more than 100 banks 30 nations. ...

The Is Not Defined By Dictionaries Or Professors, Or...

Definition Essay Draft Words are not defined by dictionaries or professors, or officials, but by how people use them, how they are put in to context, through the timeless evolution of meanings. Words can have many different faces, many of which can be powerful or quite weak, others can have a friendly face or a mean one. Sometimes there are words that can start out having a friendly face, but with time society can turn them into a mean face that betrays its former self, words like this exist all across modern social interaction, some can be more prominent than others and promote an ignorant atmosphere as to which we are forced to live in. The word gay is no exception, many people apply this word incorrectly to every situation and it†¦show more content†¦Gay wasn t used to replace homosexual as a noun until the twentieth century (Oxford English Dictionary). That was when politics and news corporations used the word to label the homosexual community as gay. In recent events, for example, there have been instances such as the Gay Rights Movement which has been mentioned in media, in turn creates it as a label for homosexuals. So nowadays homosexuals are officially known as gays. Although gay became a technical term in the professional field, at a local level, the word turned away from being a noun and became an adjective, just like in the beginnings of the word; but it had taken on a very different meaning from what it was originally. Gay: adj., stupid, dumb, out of favor. That seems to be how our generation defined this word, it is sad to see that society has come to this, to relate a group of people to the words dumb or stupid. People use this word in many cases that don t even have any relation to the actual meaning of the word, mostly as a derogatory term or insult. For example, if a student chooses to complain about a homework assignment or how a teacher runs their classroom, they usually will say â€Å" Man, this is so gay, I hate this† . To the student, their sta tement is exactly the same as, â€Å" Man, this is so stupid†. It is pitiful how this generation has done this to such a word that has so much other meaning behind it. It is the same story for similar words, like faggot or queer. These terms have

Political Media s Influence On The Media - 1840 Words

Political economy media theory identifies a socially critical approach that focuses primarily on the relationship between the economic structure and political force in media industries and the ideological content of the media outputs. China has a very special situation of the political interference which are much serious than other kinds of countries. In western capitalist countries, the media is defined as a separate news outlet with legally press freedom approval by the government and formal institution that are independent from the state. Thus one of the most obvious characters of the western media is press libertarian. (Reference)However, in China, under the control by the Chinese Communist Party, the media organs are the first and†¦show more content†¦They argue that the Party utilizes the press staid mouthpiece role to consolidate political rule. For instance, Zhao Yuezhi( Zhao, 2000:3-26) argues that the Party is aiming to enhance political control through conglomerat ion and rationalization of market to the press. China’s Party Press is being transformed into what He Zhou calls ‘Party Publicity Inc.’ whose chief mission is to promote the Party’s achievements, image and legitimacy by means of softer, more friendly and responsive message delivered to its recipients. (He, 2000:48) While other researchers like Chan (Chan, J.M., 1993:1-19) argues that commercialization is leading the media away from an exclusive dedication to Party ideology. Not only the commercial and industrial nature of media and culture undertakings acknowledged and endorsed, specific commercialization targets and industrial growth goals were set by state media administrations. (Guo, 2006) Chinese government tries to keep validity of market without exerting political control on its traditional press content. (Zi,2003a). Just as Herman and Chomsky (1988:1-35) in the book ‘ manufacturing the consent’ argue that the ‘raw material of news’ passes through a series of five filter constraints, ‘leaving only the cleaned residue fit to print’. These filter elements continuously interact with and reinforce one another’ and have multilevel effects on media performance. Chinese media commercialization leads to a tendency assembling to capitalist countries,

E Commerce Engaging With Physical Stores - 813 Words

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The reason to apply qualitative case study tool in this study due to its flexibility of use and also its ability, which allows the researcher to express their ideas and thoughts in the within context of the research (Maxwell. 2005). The study involves both primary and secondary research in order to have a clear vision on the research question. Secondary data will be collected from Tesco Inc. such as the sales, the number of visiting customers in different period. And the primary data will be conducted in two ways, on-site visit and online questionnaire. The methodology being used in this study has also bring up a lot of challenges. First, as the paper is studying on aShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Disadvantages Of E-Commerce1286 Words   |  6 Pagespossible forgone costs of attempting to find items at a single store when anyone can browse the world-wide web with millions of options right at their fingertips? 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Human Resource Management Human Resources Workforce

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Human Resources Workforce. Answer: Introduction Hackman and Oldham have claimed that the characteristics of the job provided to the employees can have a great impact on their performances, motivation, job satisfaction and job commitment. For the success of organisational goals and objectives, it is necessary that the human resources of the organisation are effective and are managed properly, which is not an easy task. Organisations are trying their best to optimise the performance of the employees and are searching for new ways that would help them in achieving it. In this assignment, we will discuss whether the claim made by Hackman and Oldham stands true for the human resource management in the modern day world and decide if improving the characteristics of the work can improve the performance of the employees. Human Resource Management Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisations in managing their human resources/workforce using various concepts, such as compensation management, benefits, performance management, training and development, etc. (Inc.com, 2016) In the modern day business world, it has become very easy for managers to replicate technology and business operations to achieve market competencies. In such a situation, business organisations are now solely relying upon their human resources for achieving market competencies. As a result, business organisations are now investing millions of dollars in training and developing their human resources and providing them with work conditions that would help in optimising their performances and improving the overall results for the company. Hackman and Oldham were two experts who gave the famous theory of Job Characteristics, which is commonly known as JCT. The basic crux of the theory was that the job itself or the tasks which are given to the employees are a key component that can help in governing the job conditions for the employees. In this assignment, we will examine the argument made by Hackman and Oldham and test if the argument is actually valid in the modern day world (Tutor2u. net, 2016). Relation Between Job/Tasks And Employee Performance The modern day business world has reached a level where the competition is between national and multinational companies. Multinational companies have a competitive advantage over national companies and national companies are too trying to enter the global market to balance the scales. To achieve such competencies, it is important to have a competitive pool of talent that can perform well and help in the achievement of companys objectives. The workforce or the human resource will perform well when the work conditions are adequate and motivational enough to make them work harder. Human resource managers, over the period of time, have realized that the best way to improve the work conditions for the employees is by making the job more interesting and challenging. Job enrichment is a concept that has come up in the past few years. The concept aims at providing new and challenging work to the employees so that they do not feel bored and can perform better in their jobs. Let us now talk ab out some benefits of providing a challenging work environment to the workforce: Learning new skills a number of behaviour experts have proved that the employees are always excited when they are given an opportunity to acquire new skills and techniques. By providing the employees with some new tasks that can challenge their skills and knowledge, the management is able to motivate them to work harder. The employees themselves feel motivated because it brings them an opportunity of learning new skills, which would further help them in developing their career paths and while they are being considered for promotions. Therefore, the employees perceive benefits when the management offers them new, exciting and challenging work, which is different from their day to day routine (Bizcommunity.com, 2016). Reduced boredom boredom kills the possibility of high performance in business organisations. Employees usually feel bored when the management provides them with same kind of work over and over again. By repeating the same work again and again, they lose their interest in it and desire a change in their routine or the tasks that are assigned to them. Therefore, if the management is able to provide the workforce with challenging tasks and jobs, it can reduce their boredom and would be able to motivate them to do something by moving out of their comfort zones (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Receive recognition recognition has been regarded as one of the most important need for the people who work in business organisations. Even in the Need Hierarchy Theory given by Maslow, recognition at the workplace is included as one need which can motivate the employees to work harder (Study.com, 2016). Providing the workforce with challenging tasks allows the management to test skills, knowledge, strengths and weaknesses of the employees. The employees who are able to perform well and are able to stand up to the expectations of the company are able to gain recognition in the workplace and increase their chances of promotion or performance appraisal. Employee motivation employees value it when the senior management of the company trusts them with competitive and challenging tasks regularly. They feel that they are an important part of the organisation and their efforts will contribute towards the success of the organisation. With an increase in the responsibilities, the employees become motivated and they try to perform better. Consequently, they become more committed towards their jobs and the organisation on the whole (YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library, 2015). Sense of accomplishments it takes a lot of effort on the part of the management to improve the work conditions for the employees and provide them with such work that would help in optimising their performance. When the company works hard to improve the work conditions of the employees, the employees to get a sense of belongingness and they tend to work harder to meet the expectations of the company. When the employees work harder they end up achieving more, which instils a sense of achievement in their minds. Benefits for the employers the concept of job enrichment is not just beneficial for the employees but also has a number of benefits for the employers too. When the employers provide challenging and exciting tasks to the employees, they are able to test their skills and knowledge related to the job. If the employees are able to provide creative solutions for the tasks assigned to them, they can be considered for promotions in the future as they have the calibre to be promoted to higher job profiles. On the other hand, if the employees are not able to perform the challenges that are given to them, the management can assess the areas where the employees lack skills and techniques. On the basis of the lacking skills and techniques, which the management identifies in the employees, the management can plan training and development programs so that its workforce can become more competitive (Reddy, 2016). Helps in creating a professional approach the concept of job enrichment provides challenging tasks to the workforce by introducing regular changes in their routines so that they can be moved out of their comfort zones. Such changes make the workplace more interesting and help in setting up a more professional approach in the organisation. Reduced absenteeism it has been noticed that the concept of job enrichment can actually help in bringing down the absenteeism rates in business organisations. By following the concept of job enrichment, the management is able to improve the quality of work for the employees. The employees have to perform better in order to stand up to the expectations of the company and also have to act more responsibly. Once the employees find that they are responsible for a lot of work, which the organisation has trusted them with, they become more professional towards their work and tend to avoid taking unnecessary leave. As a result, the rates of absenteeism are reduced if the employers can provide a challenging work environment to the workforce. Reduced labour turnover rates it has been observed that the business organisations that do not work towards making the workplace more exciting and challenging for the workforce often have experienced higher turnover rates as compared to those companies that regularly try to make the work situations challenging for the employees and bring them out of their comfort zones. The basic reason behind this fact is that when the management provides the same work to the workforce again and again, it restricts its capacity to think out of the box and reduces their chances of career development as they are stuck in the same jobs for their lifetime. They do not experience any growth opportunities and feel bored due to same work being given to them again and again. As a result, such employees sow a greater tendency to quit the organisation and shift to organisations that provide them challenging work and new growth opportunities. On the other hand, an organisation that provides its workforce with a lot of challenging and exciting work, which helps the employees in coming out of their comfort zones and trying something new and is able to keep them motivated. Such organisations increase the prospects of future promotions of their employees and also bring about a development in their skills and knowledge. Such employees experience higher job satisfaction as they feel advancement in their career paths and as a result, they show lower tendency to quit the organisation (Study.com, 2016). Conclusion From the facts discussed above, it can be clearly understood that the type of work can actually have a great deal of impact on the performance of the workforce working in the organisation. The employees who are provided with challenging and exciting work from the management experience less boredom and are eager to prove their calibre by performing well in the organisation. The work that an organisation offers to its employees also show the level of trust which the organisation places in them. Thus, employees working with such organisations show higher job satisfaction, job commitment, motivational and performance levels. On the other hand, the organisations that provide boring and monotonous work to its employees deprives them from the opportunity of gaining recognition in the workplace by proving their calibre, skills and techniques. It prevents them from making advancement in their career paths as monotonous work provides them with no growth opportunities. It can be clearly concluded that the management of a business organisation can optimise the performance level of its workforce only when it can provide them with challenging and exciting work conditions. Thus the claim made by Hackman and Oldham, which says that the characteristics of the job or the task provided to the employees can help in improving their performance, stands out to be true for the modern day human resources. References Hackman and Oldhams Job Characteristics Model | Business | tutor2u. (2016). Tutor2u.net. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/hackman-oldhams-job-characteristics-model Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model | Employee motivation theories | YourCoach Gent. (2016). Yourcoach.be. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-theories/hackman-oldham-job-characteristics-model.php Hackman, J., Pearce, J., and Wolfe, J. (1978). Effects of changes in job characteristics on work attitudes and behaviors: A naturally occurring quasi-experiment. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 21(3), 289-304. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(78)90055-7 Hosie, P., Sevastos, P., and Cooper, C. (2006). Happy-performing managers. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Human Resource Management. (2016). Inc.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/human-resource-management.html Job Enrichment: Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages Examples | Study.com. (2016). Study.com. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/job-enrichment-definition-advantages-disadvantages-examples.html Job Enrichment: Meaning, Characteristics, Advantages and Limitations. (2015). YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/job-enrichment-meaning-characteristics-advantages-and-limitations/53318/ Oldham, G., Hackman, J., and Pearce, J. (1976). Conditions under which employees respond positively to enriched work. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 61(4), 395-403. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.61.4.395 Reddy, K. (2016). Top 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Job Enrichment - WiseStep. WiseStep. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://content.wisestep.com/top-advantages-disadvantages-job-enrichment/ The Advantages and Disadvantages of Job Enrichment. (2016). Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-job-enrichment-11960.html The importance of a challenging work environment. (2016). Bizcommunity.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/410/423/76259.html The Needs Theory: Motivating Employees with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Video and Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (2016). Study.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-needs-theory-motivating-employees-with-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html

Marriott at Myanmar free essay sample

This report is prepared to be the first document evaluating Myanmar’s attractiveness for consideration of establishing Marriott Hotels and Resorts in this country. The best location for the hotel is chosen to be the city called Yangon since it offers a wide variety of activities for travelers with different interests. Yangon Marriott Hotels and Resorts will be attracted to upscale visitors who wish to stay in a luxury, five-star hotel with exceptional service quality, while enjoying the beauty of the country. The target groups of customers are not limited only to local high income Burmese, but also foreign visitors who come on a business or vacation purposes in Myanmar. Myanmar is a resource-rich country with a lot of unseen and attractive destinations. If developed properly, the country has a high potential for growth in the tourism industry in the future. However, due to the high level of risks of its cultural, economical and political systems, this country is considered not attractive enough to operate the luxury brand hospitality business under Marriott name. Strained relationship with the U. S government and the European Union also makes it more difficult for an international brand like Marriott to establish a new business in this country. II. Overview Summary Information A. Key information regarding demographics of the target country The Union of Myanmar, previously called Burma, occupies the largest geographical area in the mainland Southeast Asia. From North to South, three parallel chains of mountain ranges divide the country into three river systems and create various topographic regions. It shares national borders with several countries: China on the north, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, and India on the northwest, with the Bay of Bengal to the southwest. The country achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1948. The population of Myanmar, approximately 54 million people, is highly diverse. There are eight major ethnic groups, which can be subdivided into 135 ethnic minorities. The official language is Burmese; however, several native languages are also spoken. English is usually spoken, particularly by the educated urban elites, and is the secondary language learnt in government schools. Eighty percent of Burmese population is Buddhist, prevalent in Theravada sect. The military government has officially relocated the capital of the country from Yangon to Naypyidaw in March 2006. III. Business History A. History of the company Marriott International, Inc. is a leading worldwide operator and franchisor of a range of value and luxury hotels and related lodging facilities. Nowadays, Marriott International has about 3,150 lodging properties located in the United States and 67 other countries and territories. Its operations are grouped into five business segments, which are full-service lodging, select service lodging, extended-stay lodging, timeshare, and synthetic fuel. Marriott International was formed in 1993 when Marriott Corporation split into two companies: Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation. The company is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. B. Products/services offered and their unique advantage in the target markets The Marriott has become one of the world’s leading hospitality business operators from its excellent quality, service, and value. Throughout the Asia-Pacific region, its brand name has continuously led the company to the consistent growth in Marriott properties in many countries such as China, Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. Each Marriott hotel differentiates itself with exceptional amenities, individualized attention to guests, and careful reflection of local surroundings. As the business expands worldwide, Marriott brand gains a high level of brand loyalty from its guests. This large customer base will help facilitate the business when the brand enters to new-oversea markets. IV. Business Activity A. Industry structure, competition in the country and current economy of the target country Even though the number of travelers visiting Myanmar is very low, tourism is considered the country’s major source for foreign exchange. Burmese government has been trying to promote their tourism industry to outsiders. They launched the campaign of ‘Visit Myanmar Year’ in 1996. After that, according to the Statistics from Ministry of Hotels Tourism, the number of tourist arrivals has been increased. However, this increasing number could not retain on a continuous basis due to the country’s uncertainty and instability in many areas that made people feel uncomfortable visiting Myanmar. Myanmar’s economy is currently mixed and primarily based on agricultural activities, including livestock, fisheries, and forestry. This sector accounts for 50 percent of the country’s overall GDP. The country also possesses several kinds of valuable natural resources, including intensely fertile soil, offshore oil, and gas deposit. It is also the world’s largest exporter of teak and precious stones such as jade, pearls, rubies, and sapphires. Since late 1988, Myanmar moved toward more market-oriented economy. It changed its centrally planned economy to be more liberalized, both in domestic and international trade. The role of private sector was promoted, and foreign direct investment was welcomed. Despite such efforts, Myanmar is still considered the poorest country among the Southeast Asian nations. Although tourist industry has a high potential for growth in the future, it still remains underdeveloped. This is because mismanagement from the military government’s control, ineffective and inefficient policies, poor infrastructures, together with the country’s bad international image have drawn the whole country to the state of underdevelopment. Moreover, since the late 1990s, Myanmar’s economy has worsened due to economic sanctions from many countries such as the European Union, Canada, and the U. S. Foreign investments usually come from China, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. V. Market Research A. Market conditions in target country 1. Existing demand There are several reasons why Myanmar should be a good place in consideration for new investment opportunity. The country has vast and virtually untapped natural resources. To this day, Myanmar remains one of the most mysterious and undiscovered destinations in the world. The country seems appealing to many tourists around the world due to its unseen attractions with regard to cultures, history, and natural beauty. There has been an increasing demand from outside the country, especially from those travelers who wish to discover this resource-rich country. Myanmar is viewed as a good destination for people who want to have an exotic adventure, beach vacation, and mountain experience. In addition, advocates supporting Burmese tourist claim that it is the only method to help Burmese poor citizen to have a better standard of living and avoid isolating the country from the rest of the world. Another important issue needed to be pointed out is the message from the leader of Myanmar’s opposition National League of Democracy. Aung San Suu Kyi has in the past asked foreign tourists not to visit the country, as this helps increase the military junta’s power. This is one of the reasons why some people do not want to visit the country. 2. Competition After the Burmese government opened the country to promote several industries, tourism started to develop in Myanmar. Nowadays, there are approximately 500 hotels and guesthouses throughout the country. In Yangon alone, there are only six luxury hotels and approximately 20 moderate and economy hotels. Among those luxury hotels, none of them is operated under the recognized global hotel-chain companies. Most of the hotels are run by local Burmese people or businessmen from neighboring countries such as China, Singapore and Thailand. Therefore, competition in Myanmar’s tourism industry has not reached the intense level yet. VI. Potential Difficulties or Restriction A. Entry requirement The Government of Myanmar posts some restrictions on foreign investors wishing to do business in the country. In order to establish and operate under contractual agreement or partnership, foreign entity must submit all proposals to the Myanmar Investment Commission (MIC) and get approved under the Foreign Investment Law (FIL). Foreign investors can set up their business either in the form of a wholly-owned subsidiary or a joint venture with any partners: an individual, private company, a cooperative society or a state-owned enterprise. In all joint ventures, the minimum equity required from the foreign party is 35 percent. Moreover, the minimum amount of capital requirement to be eligible under the Foreign Investment Law is set to be US $500,000 for an industry, but US$300,000 for a service organization. Tourism industry is one of many sectors allowed under the Foreign Investment Law. Rather than the initial investment requirement, Myanmar also has commercial tax of ten percent levied on service of operation of hotels. B. Intellectual property issues Intellectual property is one important issue that prevents many oversea businesses from entering to Myanmar. The country has a negative outlook on its control with regard to this matter. Myanmar is considered having poor, maybe poorest, intellectual property right laws by the outside world. Marriott brand could be jeopardized since Myanmar’s legislation alone may not be able to protect the ownership of the company’s trademark. In the past, there was an evident showing that some local businesses were registered by using the existing international trademarks or trade name, and that prevented the original owners to register their own names and run the business in this country. VII. Cultural Issues A. Religion and its role in the society Since most Burmese people are Buddhist of Theravada stream, Buddhism has greatly influenced the standards of etiquette in the country. Their core religious belief is karma, the concept that good fathers good and bad fathers bad. This core belief has reflected in almost every aspect in everyday life; however, it does not play a significant role in doing business in this country. With basic knowledge of Burmese culture and custom, foreigners would find it easy to live with the local people. B. Special cultural issues For employer and employee relationship, Burmese employees are hardworking and loyal to their bosses. In return, an employer is expected to give help when in times of need. Such help can be the advice given for personal problems or loan granted in a financial crisis. As in all Asian countries, Myanmar respect people older than them. Therefore, in order to avoid friction in workplace, subordinates should be working under an older supervisor. Friendship, trust, and honesty are valued in a business relationship. Favors received, such as introducing a potential client or supplying a reference, must be repaid at a future time. For the first time in a business meeting, details of the project may not be discussed. Instead, the meeting may be spent evaluating each other’s personality and business strengths and weaknesses. In general, Myanmar business people find it easier to deal with Asians than Westerners. C. Business cultural issues In recent years, both China and India have attempted to strengthen ties with the Burmese government for economic benefits. This situation indicates that relationship with the military government could help smooth out the process or get the deals more easily. Personal relationship is considered one of the key components that could determine the success of the business. Foreign business will be more likely to succeed if the foreign entity can tie with a local partner, ultimately the Burmese government. According to Asian Journal of Political Science, â€Å"all post-colonial Myanmar governments and the business community benefited from their clientelistic networks. Without the help of government officials, many business firms would have gone under quickly; at the same time, without the assistance of business people, it would have been hard for most post-colonial Myanmar governments to keep themselves in power. It is very clear that government-business relations cannot simply be reduced to a zero-sum game. Certain interactions between the military government and the business community were mutually empowering†. Corruption is systemic at all levels of the Government and society. From Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, â€Å"It is considered by economists and businesspersons to be one of the most serious barriers to investment and doing business in the country. A Byzantine and capricious regulatory environment fostered corruption. † VIII. Service Operation A. Location of service facilities The best location that Marriott Hotels and Resorts could be is in the city called Yangon. Yangon, previously known as Rangoon, is one of the most popular areas for foreign visitors and is considered the gateway to Myanmar. It is the largest and former capital of the country. Even though the city is no longer the capital, Yangon continues to be the most important commercial center of Myanmar. This relatively simple city is attractive in its own particular way. Yangon has earned the name ‘the Garden City of the East’ since it is green and cool with lush of tropical trees, shady parks, and beautiful lakes. The city offers a wide variety of activities for visitors such as diving, cultures, and ecotourism. Therefore, this city has a potential to attract a lot of travelers with different interests. B. Service modification necessary to adapt to local environment Since one of Marriott’s strength lies in its careful reflection of local surroundings, Marriott Hotels and Resorts built in Yangon should hold the same principle. Yangon Marriott Hotels and Resorts should combine the city’s natural beauty of its history, culture and scenery while offering the unique luxury standards. Destination hotels and resorts type might be an appropriate alternative for Marriott in Yangon. The destination resort should be located in the Yangon area with noteworthy natural features, plus an urban setting. IX. Personnel Strategies A. Employment restriction Myanmar has active labor force of about 20 million. They are fairly trained manpower and skilled labor with relatively low cost comparing to other neighboring countries. There is only 23 percent of the overall population working in the service industry; however, these Burmese people are considered hospitable due to the fact that they are generally honest and kind. However, due to the country’s poor infrastructure, Burmese people are not provided with good education. Their skills might not be good enough to fit in Marriott’s high standards of hospitality service. Therefore, it seems necessary for Marriott to provide training sessions to improve their hospitality skills. B. Expatriate issues Since Marriott ties the brand image with its superb service quality, it is vital that Yangon Marriott Hotels and Resorts are equipped with talented management team. Marriott International Inc. might need to import managers from oversea to run the Myanmar operations in order to ensure that Marriott’s core business practice is followed everywhere. This issue brings about big challenge since it will not be easy to find the talented people who will be willing to work in a country with high uncertainty and instability in many aspects on a voluntary basis. Marriott International Inc. might need to provide them with high enough incentives to encourage them to accept this assignment. Nevertheless, under the Foreign Investment Law, Myanmar allows the employment of foreign experts and technicians. Required manpower can be recruited through Township Labor Offices. X. Risks A. Government stability The most important risk exposed in Myanmar deals with its political issue. For the past 40 years, Myanmar has been ruled by the military government or junta, in which the power is centered. The State Peace and Development Council, or SPDC, maintains strict authoritarian rule over the people of Myanmar. The country has a reputation abroad for brutally crushing political dissent, as in the case of house arrests of Aung San Suu Kyi. According to the information from the articles Foreign relations of Burma and Military of Burma, â€Å"Aung San Suu Kyis National League for Democracy won a landslide victory in the countrys election of 1990; however, the military which has controlled Myanmar (Burma) for decades refused to transition the country to civilian democratic rule. For her part, Aung San Suu Kyi has spent most of the last decade under house arrest for her political efforts. In 1991, Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while still under house arrest. † This case brings about the global awareness and concern on the country’s political abuse and human right violation. B. Legal risk The country also completely lacks of regulatory and legal transparency. â€Å"All existing regulations, including those covering foreign investments, are subject to change with no advance or written notice at the whim of the regime’s ruling general. Myanmar does not accept International Court of Justice. C. Economic risk Myanmar’s economy suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalance. The country’s money currency is called Kyat, which is not stable at all. Volatility happens on a weekly basis. The Kyat is not convertible. This severe situation includes rising inflation, fiscal deficits, and multiple official exchange rates that overvalue the Burmese Kyat. A major banking crisis in 2003 also contributed a large negative impact on the overall disrupted economy. XI. Potential Benefits A. Market potential As already mentioned, Myanmar is one of resourceful countries that have high potential for future growth in tourism industry. The country offers all traditional delights of Asia in one country. If developed properly, the country’s tourism can become one of the world’s famous tourist destinations. Seeing this opportunity, Marriott brand can expand globally throughout the Asian Pacific region. Now Marriott brand has its hotel chains in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam in this Asia Pacific region. B. Incentive from local government Myanmar’s Foreign Investment Law provides a lot of incentives to foreign investors in the form of tariff and taxes. The business will be granted a tax exemption for three consecutive years beginning the first year of operation. The country also provides the relief from income tax on profit reinvested within one year. Myanmar guarantees that the business permitted under FIL will be protected from being nationalized during the granted period. C. Relationship to the United States However, according to Bureau of Democracy Human Right and Labor, â€Å"the US and Burmese relation has been worsened after the 1988 military coup and violent suppression of pro-democracy demonstration. Subsequent repression, including the brutal crackdown on peaceful protestors in September 2007, further strained the relationship. † â€Å"In addition, since May 1997, the U. S. Government has prohibited new investment by U. S. persons or entities. A number of U. S. companies exited the Burma market even prior to the imposition of sanctions due to a worsening business climate and mounting criticism from human rights groups, consumers, and shareholders. The United States has also imposed countermeasures on Burma due to its inadequate measures to eliminate money laundering. † As a result of the above fact, it seems inappropriate for Marriott to enter Myanmar at this moment. Since Marriott is a U. S. based company, the company could run into a big conflict with the U. S. government, which could have a seriously negative impact on its hotel operations around the world.

Signs, Symbols and Portents Essay Example

Signs, Symbols and Portents Essay Signs and symbols can be seen in all kinds of literature. Simply put, they are a concrete representation of an abstract concept. What they represent is not always obvious: they can have one or several meanings, and their meaning can change throughout the story. Sometimes, they are used by the author to foreshadow an event. Interpreting signs and symbols can be a challenge for a reader, but it is a rewarding one: it makes for a more profound and interesting reading. In this essay, I will discuss the role of signs and symbols in the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter was first published in 1850. It is set in Boston, in the 17th century. It is the story of a woman, Hester Prynne, who has been punished by society because of her adultery. She has been forced to wear a scarlet A on her chest as a reminder of the sin she has committed. This scarlet letter, a written sign, is the novels main subject: it is also its main symbol. Charles Feidelson writes: The symbolistic method is inherent in the subject, just as the subject of symbolism is inherent in the method (Feidelson 1953: 13). Hawthorne also uses the main characters as symbols, pointing out the ways in which the scarlet letter affects them. Hester Prynne is condemned to wear the scarlet letter for the rest of her life because she has given birth to a child, Pearl, who is not her husbands. The fact that she has been punished in such a way tells us much about Puritan society: people were generally very pious and prude, and adultery was considered to be a great sin (Durst Johnson 1995). Hester could easily have fled from Boston and thrown away her scarlet letter, but she chooses to stay put and serve her punishment. The red A represents her sin, but it also symbolises the features of human nature that are not socially acceptable in Puritan America, such as passion (Feidelson 1953, Durst Johnson 1995). By continuing to wear it, even when she is told that she is allowed to take it off, she is making a statement. She is showing that she does not intend to change, and that she believes that the society around her should change, instead. She makes no excuses for her behaviour and devotes herself to humanitarian work. We will write a custom essay sample on Signs, Symbols and Portents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Signs, Symbols and Portents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Signs, Symbols and Portents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eventually, people see her under a different light: the red A that they used to associate with something devilish acquires a much more positive meaning. Hester is now seen as an Angel, or as Able. Soon after her condemnation, Hester embroiders the scarlet letter with golden thread. Doing so could mean two things: either she is mocking her punishment, or she could be trying to embellish the truth. She does not want to accept her passionate nature. This is very Puritanistic of her: the 19th century was the Age of the Euphemism (Durst Johnson 1995: ix) in America. People did not die, they passed away; a man was not drunk, he was unwell. Though Hester appears to accept her punishment, it can sometimes becomes a hard cross to bear. Hester herself is a symbol: she represents human nature. She is passionate, not infallible, and acknowledges it. At the same time, the way she has been raised has shaped her personality. It sometimes keeps her from fully embracing the aspects of her character that society finds objectionable. Nevertheless, her punishment has made her stronger, and more understanding of humanity. Her charitable work is a proof of this. Hester is a survivor. Dimmesdale, Pearls father, is a young minister in the community. The red A on Hesters chest could stand for Arthur, his first name. He also has a scarlet letter on his heart, a psychosomatic mark (Feidelson 1953: 11), but refuses to acknowledge it. He is a pious man who believes that there should be no room in his life for passion, but his scarlet letter is a permanent reminder that he cannot escape this trait of his personality. The letter tortures him, and he constantly seeks to punish himself. His health deteriorates throughout the novel. He refuses to acknowledge Pearl as his daughter until the very end, and when he does, he proclaims himself to be the one sinner of the world (Hawthorne 2002). He dies minutes after having shown his scarlet letter to the world. Dimmesdale is a symbol of Puritan society and its unwillingness to accept all aspects of human nature. Pearl, Hester and Dimmesdales daughter, has a symbolic role until the very end of the novel. She is an uncontrollable and mischievous child, and she is described as an demon offspring by the narrator. Comparisons between Pearl and the scarlet letter are numerous and obvious. Feidelson writes: Pearl, as Hawthorne reiterates at tiresome length, is the scarlet letter both physically and mentally (1953: 11). Pearl is obsessed with her mothers scarlet letter. In Chapter XV, she makes a green A out of eelgrass and puts it on her own chest. To Pearl, the letter is natural, and does not represent anything evil. She seeks the truth about it, and is constantly asking her mother questions, something that makes Hester uncomfortable. She is also the hardest truth-sayer in the novel (Durst Johnson 1995: 6), and knows the truth about Dimmesdale instinctively. Until he confesses to being her father, she calls him Mr. Black and refuses to kiss him. Throughout the novel, there is an intense connection between Pearl and truth. This indicates that the scarlet letter, which is symbolised by Pearl, represents the whole truth about human nature. Hawthorne writes: Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred! (Hawthorne 2002: 269). By using the scarlet letter and his characters as symbols, Hawthorne is urging people to acknowledge every aspect of their own humanity (Durst Johnson 1995). Moby-Dick was published in 1851. Its author, Herman Melville, dedicated the novel to Nathaniel Hawthorne, who he admired greatly. In his tale of a whaling expedition gone wrong, Melville makes extensive use of signs and symbols. Ishmael, a member of the ships crew and the storys narrator, is a visionary (Feidelson 1953). He transforms the physical world into a symbolic world for the reader. The symbols used in Moby-Dick are most often more complex and ambiguous than the ones used in The Scarlet Letter. One of the major symbols in Moby-Dick is the whaling ship, the Pequod. It has been painted black, and is decorated with bones and teeth that have dissected out of dead whales. In addition to this, it has been named after an extinct Native American tribe. Though Ishmael seems to be very satisfied with the Pequod, the way he describes it makes it sound spooky. The Pequods appearance symbolises death, and its name makes the reader realise that the ship is doomed to sink. Ishmael says of the ship that it is a cannibal of a craft (Melville 1998: 61): much of the components of the ship are taken from whale parts, and it is a ship whose main purpose is killing whales. He is pointing out how men use nature for their own ends, and have no moral qualms about using a whale to kill another whale. The crew of the Pequod is made up of a variety of people from all over the world. Ishmael notes that most of the crew is made up of men who were born outside of America, but that the officer positions are generally occupied by Americans. He says: the native American liberally provides the brain, the rest of the world generously supplying the muscles (Melville 1998: 106). Melville could be commenting on social class differences between Whites and Blacks in the United States, or even on slavery. Though Ishmael seems to believe that the rest of the world is generously providing the muscles, it is probably fair to speculate that many of them would rather be given the chance to use their brains. Moby-Dick was published just ten years before the American Civil War broke out, and racial issues were extremely relevant. In spite of all this, the members of the crew seem to be getting along, and work well as a team. This could represent the American melting pot: people from every corner of the world having come to build a country and pulling together to make it happen. Melville had great hopes for American democracy, and this is one of the reasons why he wrote Moby-Dick (Selby 1998). Ahab, the ships captain, embodies an extreme version of a classic American type: the monomaniac, who has only one interest and devotes all his energy to it (Brodhead 1986). He dedicates his ship and his whole crew to his own personal mission: killing the great white whale, Moby Dick. He does not care whether lives are lost in the process, and he rules his ship like a tyrannical dictator would. D. H. Lawrence said of the sinking of the Pequod that it was the sinking of the white American soul (Selby 1998). By making Ahabs plan fail, Melville is showing the public what can happen when a monomaniac type such as Ahab goes too far. Moby Dick is central in Melvilles novel. It is a white whale of an extraordinary size: it is the most solid of physical things and the most meaningful of symbols (Feidelson 1953: 184). Moby Dick means something different to every character in the novel. To Starbuck, the first mate, it is just another whale, though a very dangerous one. He is irritated at the vendetta Ahab has against it, and wishes that the crew could work on its true mission, which is to hunt whales for their oil. Ishmael is fascinated by the whale, and terrified by its whiteness, as white is the visible absence of color, and at the same time the concrete of all colors (Melville 1998: 175). Ishmael does not know whether the whale is just a meaningless big fish colorless or a mystical being full of complex meanings, at once good and evil. To the rest of the crew, tales about the white whale are a diversion from their dangerous jobs, and a way to confront their own fears. Finally, to Ahab, it is the ultimate symbol of evil in this world. Moby Dick is the reason why he has lost a leg, and he is determined to seek revenge. D. H. Lawrence has suggested that the white whale could be some kind of a phallic symbol (Selby 1998). The whale has such strength and power that Ahabs desire to kill the whale could be a quest for acquiring absolute potency (Brodhead 1986). Ahab never succeeds in killing Moby Dick: instead, it is Moby Dick that sinks the ship. It is the revenge of nature over men, who keep trying to destroy it. After discussing the role of symbols and signs in The Scarlet Letter and Moby-Dick, I must agree with Nick Selby, who writes that symbolism, and the loose romanticism upon which it depends, is the key expressive tool of the American Renaissance' (1998: 55). There is more symbolism in these two literary works than in any other works I have studied this year. The symbols are rich in meaning and are given great importance. Spending time to interpret them is essential to a proper understanding of the text.

Essay Topics on the Cold War

Essay Topics on the Cold WarIf you are interested in writing your college essay, you may be looking for some essay topics on the Cold War. This is a topic that has become very popular in college writing and is usually taught as a unit with a special class on it.You can choose to write a separate essay on the Cold War or you can decide to combine your essay topics on the Cold War into your total essay. However, either way will have its advantages and disadvantages. And before you decide which way to go, make sure you know all the facts of the Cold War, including the ending.So, what are some of the great essay topics on the Cold War? This was actually a very interesting era, filled with politics, men, and lots of battles. But the most interesting thing about the Cold War was the fact that America finally found a way to deal with these many internal problems. The end of the Cold War brought back lots of happy memories and began an era of hope.One of the problems in this period was the f ear of nuclear war between Russia and the United States. The people in the United States were also afraid of Soviet tanks invading the country, but this never happened. There was also a problem between the United States and Cuba, but not as much in the larger scale because the United States was also fighting Communism at home.The history of the Cold War is very interesting, but more so when you look at how each side tried to deal with the internal problems and political issues. But at the same time, both sides faced a great threat of losing their independence. The United States would have to rely on the Soviet Union as a huge military force.So while you might think that essay topics on the Cold War are boring and too serious, theyare actually quite interesting. They are actually a mix of great history and great ideas that could help you win that essay contest. They make you think about the problems that came along with the Cold War and how to solve them.If you are interested in writ ing a paper on the Cold War, this is a great idea for a topic. You can also use it as a unit, if you want and make your classmates sit through it.The best essay topics on the Cold War are actually from historians and psychologists. It is interesting to know what really happened and why this era felt so different. Even though the Cold War ended, there is still an opportunity to create a paper that is so fun and interesting.

Visual Arts Research Paper Example

Visual Arts Research Paper Example Visual Arts Paper Visual Arts Paper â€Å"Artist often refer or reference that which was gone before† Discuss the statement using the Renaissance artists and their interest in Classical and Hellenistic Greek concepts. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. â€Å"Renaissance† means â€Å"re-birth† and refers to the re-birth of classical styles of learning. Also the Renaissance period considered education particularly in the arts, like philosophy, architecture and the visual arts – in general ways of viewing the world as it truly was rather than as â€Å"The Church† dictated. The Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art continued to inspire many generations of European artists. Looking further into the 19th century, the Classical traditions derived from the Classical and Hellenistic Greek periods have continued to dominate the art of the western world. The Classical period saw changes in the style and functions of sculpture. The poses become more naturalistic and the technical skill of these Greek sculptors increased. They were able to depict the human form in a variety of poses which were life like and real. From about 500 BC, the statues began to depict real people. E. g. the statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton   displayed in Athens to mark the overthrow of the  tyranny  were said to be the first public monuments to actual people. The difficultly in creating an aesthetically real person and technical challenge stimulated much in the way of sculptural innovation during the Classical and Hellenistic Greek periods of history. Unfortunately, for us today, these works survive only in fragments, The Most famous examples surviving today are The  Parthenon Marbles†, half of which are in the  British Museum in England. In the Classical period there were many different sculptors who produced many lives like realistic works. Some of these artists or artisans include: Phidias which oversaw the design and building of the Parthenon. Praxiteles, another great Classical sculptor made the female nude respectable for the first time. This was in the later part of the Classical period in the mid-4th century BC. But the greatest works of the Classical period are considered to be the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the statue of Athena at the Parthenos. The whole point of the Renaissance is that Europeans particularly the Italians to begin with, were looking to the Classical and Hellenistic Greek teachings and giving re-birth to their explorations. Renaissance artisans were looking back to a time of great knowledge, innovation and development. They reinvestigated the human form and true human proportion. Michelangelo produced a 5m tall â€Å"David† from a solid block of white marble. His work based on the biblical David from the Goliath story is truly amazing because of its considerable consideration of the audience perspective, its accurate proportion from this vantage point and the life like stance. David† was actually based on the Classical sculptures that depicted the Greek Adonis or beautiful male athlete of the original Olympic Games. The transition from the Classical to the Hellenistic periods occurred during the 4th century BC. Following the conquests of Alexander the Great, Here Greek art became more diverse and influenced by other cultures of people who were drawn into the Greek orbit. And in the view of some art historia ns, it also declined in quality and originality. Many of the sculptures previously considered as Classical masterpieces turned out to be of the later Hellenistic age. The technical ability of the Hellenistic sculptor was clearly in evidence in such major works as the â€Å"Winged victory of Samothrace† and the â€Å"Pergamon Altar†. During this period, sculpture became more and more naturalistic. Common people, women, children, animals and domestic scenes became acceptable subjects for sculpture, which was commissioned by wealthy families for the adornment of their homes and gardens. These sculptors no longer felt obliged to depict people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. Hellenistic sculpture was also marked by an increase in scale, which culminated in the â€Å"Colossus of Rhodes† which was made during the late 3rd Century BC. People of the Renaissance were exploratory and innovative. To explore and invent the Renaissance people looked back to the knowledge, ideas and skills of the Classical Greeks and Hellenistic periods. Of course, the Renaissance developed into its own style because it was an interpretation of classical learning more than anything. Renaissance artists, writers and learners looked back to the Greeks for information and inspiration. Many artworks of the time feature Greek deities and so on, even though people stopped believing in the long before. An example of this could be Botticelli’s Venus. Here although to us the scene is mythical Venus is again perfectly proportioned like Michelongelo’s â€Å"David†. Venus also has the same contrapposto stance which was originally developed during the Classical Greek period. This method of posing the subject gave the subject life because it illustrated a three dimensional idea which meant the subject looked like they were alive and moving through real space. As has been illustrated Renaissance artists were definitely influenced by â€Å"that which had gone before†. They used â€Å"the Golden Mean† rules for human proportion, they used imagery from Greek legends and they revisited the contrapposto stance to give their subjects life. It is impossible for any artist of any period not to be influenced by that which has gone before because society is always looking back to improve the future. An artist’s practice cannot avoid being influenced by â€Å"that which has gone before†. Rather than a period with definitive beginnings and endings and consistent content in between, the Renaissance can be seen as a movement of practices and ideas to which specific groups and identifiable persons variously responded in different times and places. They are influenced genuinely by the classical and Hellenistic part of Greek art. Shown through the artist of the renaissance, example Michelangelo which produced a 5m David. This would be in this network of diverse, sometimes converging, sometimes conflicting cultures that the Renaissance changed our imagination and our view of how we see our world for all time.

Challenging Obstacles for Immigrants

Among the challenges, language, getting a job and culture are common for most of immigrants. The first challenge for immigrants is the language barrier. Since English is the second or third language for most immigrants, they face a lot of problems to communicate. Although, immigrants have some knowledge of English, the pronunciation of most words is different. So they can’t understand and communicate very easily. Furthermore, the accent of native speakers, Mexicans, Black Americans, and Chinese is different. This complicates the communication and creates stress for immigrants. For example, I came to the USA recently. I have some knowledge of English, but when I took my kids to the hospitals, go to shopping, and even when I was applying to this college, I found people who use different pronunciation and accent. Sometimes, I heard 50% to 90% of what people said and likewise they were not able to understand me, even though I was talking in English. As a result, â€Å"I’m sorry†, â€Å"say again†, â€Å"pardon† were my day to day words I used and heard for a couple of months. Therefore, language is the first big challenge that all immigrants face. The second challenging obstacle for immigrants is getting a job. Since language is a problem for immigrants, most of them failed in job interviews. Even though they are educated and professionals in their home country, it costs and takes time for their education to be accepted here. Thus, getting a job is tough. Especially now, following the economic crisis of the world, there are many layoffs and getting a job is like a miracle to most immigrants. In addition, the jobs available for immigrants are manual labor jobs that are tiresome. These jobs may also have fewer hours and surely have minimum pay. Therefore, immigrants will be forced to find another tiresome job to cover their living expenses. But getting another job is another worry for immigrants. Here I am going to give my husband’s experiences. As soon as we reached America and got our social security numbers, my husband tried to search and apply for jobs. After several months and trial, he got a part time job with minimum wage. His salary is not enough to cover our expenses, and now he is searching another job, but none has been found. Thus, following the language barrier, getting a job is a big challenging to immigrants. Culture is the third challenge that immigrants face here. Immigrants have their own cultures and living styles in their home country. The culture of dressing, talking, eating, social life etc†¦ is different here from immigrants’ home country. For example, here man and woman can kiss on the lips anywhere, but this is taboo in my country, Ethiopia. Another example is the way girls’ dress, here girls can wear whatever they like such as shorts and mini dresses. However, in my country, this is not accepted and girls should wear clothes that don’t expose their body. Thus, they should wear shorts and dresses which are below to their knees. The other thing here people eat their food anywhere; they can even eat walking on the street. However, in my country people, especially girls, cannot walk on the street while eating or drinking. There are several customs here that are counted as taboo in my culture. Therefore, the cultural differences make immigrants to be confused and shocked until they accustomed to it. As time passes, immigrants will manage and defeat the obstacles through several exposures and practice. Then, after passing through the obstacles, immigrants will enjoy a better life and even be in higher positions like senators, vice-presidents and also president of America. Challenging Obstacles for Immigrants Among the challenges, language, getting a job and culture are common for most of immigrants. The first challenge for immigrants is the language barrier. Since English is the second or third language for most immigrants, they face a lot of problems to communicate. Although, immigrants have some knowledge of English, the pronunciation of most words is different. So they can’t understand and communicate very easily. Furthermore, the accent of native speakers, Mexicans, Black Americans, and Chinese is different. This complicates the communication and creates stress for immigrants. For example, I came to the USA recently. I have some knowledge of English, but when I took my kids to the hospitals, go to shopping, and even when I was applying to this college, I found people who use different pronunciation and accent. Sometimes, I heard 50% to 90% of what people said and likewise they were not able to understand me, even though I was talking in English. As a result, â€Å"I’m sorry†, â€Å"say again†, â€Å"pardon† were my day to day words I used and heard for a couple of months. Therefore, language is the first big challenge that all immigrants face. The second challenging obstacle for immigrants is getting a job. Since language is a problem for immigrants, most of them failed in job interviews. Even though they are educated and professionals in their home country, it costs and takes time for their education to be accepted here. Thus, getting a job is tough. Especially now, following the economic crisis of the world, there are many layoffs and getting a job is like a miracle to most immigrants. In addition, the jobs available for immigrants are manual labor jobs that are tiresome. These jobs may also have fewer hours and surely have minimum pay. Therefore, immigrants will be forced to find another tiresome job to cover their living expenses. But getting another job is another worry for immigrants. Here I am going to give my husband’s experiences. As soon as we reached America and got our social security numbers, my husband tried to search and apply for jobs. After several months and trial, he got a part time job with minimum wage. His salary is not enough to cover our expenses, and now he is searching another job, but none has been found. Thus, following the language barrier, getting a job is a big challenging to immigrants. Culture is the third challenge that immigrants face here. Immigrants have their own cultures and living styles in their home country. The culture of dressing, talking, eating, social life etc†¦ is different here from immigrants’ home country. For example, here man and woman can kiss on the lips anywhere, but this is taboo in my country, Ethiopia. Another example is the way girls’ dress, here girls can wear whatever they like such as shorts and mini dresses. However, in my country, this is not accepted and girls should wear clothes that don’t expose their body. Thus, they should wear shorts and dresses which are below to their knees. The other thing here people eat their food anywhere; they can even eat walking on the street. However, in my country people, especially girls, cannot walk on the street while eating or drinking. There are several customs here that are counted as taboo in my culture. Therefore, the cultural differences make immigrants to be confused and shocked until they accustomed to it. As time passes, immigrants will manage and defeat the obstacles through several exposures and practice. Then, after passing through the obstacles, immigrants will enjoy a better life and even be in higher positions like senators, vice-presidents and also president of America.

How Serious a Threat to Democracy Is the Far Right in Europe Today Essay

How Serious a Threat to Democracy Is the Far Right in Europe Today - Essay Example However, other citizens although fewer in number, continue to exploit the same freedom so as to challenge existing political systems with a view of undermining equality, civil rights liberty, and at times seriously endangering them (Katz and Mair, 1995). For quite a number of decades, a radical political system was the major cause of the major cause of these challenges. From the late nineteenth century and onwards, including the World War II, democratic regimes incorporated legal measures to exclude the far right parties from the political game (Betz, 1994). In this manner, liberal democracies acted in a manner to ensure their own stability. However, political dynamics within the last decade has led to the emergence of new forms of threat to the stability of the existing democracies. In this context, such threat is referred to as the uncivil society. Notably, such threat seem to more fluid in the structure and the nature of the political parties, thus presenting an even much greater challenge than the subversive political parties towards the democratic regimes in search for measures to ensure stability. In this study, we contend that, in the 21 century achieving stability by outlawing of some far right political parties is no longer an effective strategy. Moreover, contrary to the to the declines of parties and trade off theses , it is argued that, far right parties and the uncivil society are in joint operation to advance similar goals and thus presents the double threat operating right from parliament and within its environs. The changing nature of the political process By 1850, virtually no county in Europe knew the basics of a political party apart from a few small groups of... This paper has highlighted the three objectives, which were exploring how changes took place in the European politics, which were heavily affected by the far right wing activities. Secondly, the paper has explored the boundaries of the within the European political systems and lastly whether the new regimes have completely replaced old regimes or they have forged cooperation’s. In recent years, the changing role of the party institution has had a significant impact on the far right wing parties. As noted it is only until the 1980s that new wave far right parties emerged. Like their counterparts, the new parties can be regarded as cartels which enjoy poor links with the society. The emergence of new forms of governments not only the growth of the far right camps but also plays a role in their expansion. Generally, uncivil society comprises of well established individuals and groups which have the full support of the current politicians and in some extent they have forged allian ces. Notably, the uncivil society is geared toward subverting liberal democracy through their old fashioned political movements. They hope to govern behind the scenes, influencing all the decisions made at national level. Indeed, such strategies are directed at introducing crime and violence. However, social movements are closer to the people as opposed to the political parties. Some grass toot activities carried out to the far right agenda reveals the intolerances as well the hatred in the society. Although political party has changed in Europe, the role of the party as an organization still remains and in fact these is presented in far rightwing ideologies.